Why is folic acid recommended during pregnancy?

Folic acid is recommended during pregnancy primarily because it significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing fetus. NTDs are serious birth defects of the brain and spine, which can occur in the early stages of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant. Adequate folic acid levels prior to conception and during early pregnancy are essential as they play a crucial role in the proper development of the neural tube, which becomes the baby's spine and brain.

The recommendation for folic acid is backed by numerous studies indicating that women who consume enough folic acid before conception and during the first trimester have a much lower incidence of these defects. This preventive measure is why health organizations universally advise women of childbearing age to take folic acid supplements if they are planning to become pregnant.

Other options such as enhancing fetal growth or preventing gestational diabetes are not the primary roles of folic acid. While it is important for overall health during pregnancy, the connection between folic acid and stabilized blood pressure is not direct enough to justify its recommendation during pregnancy. Thus, the focus on reducing neural tube defects is why folic acid supplementation is emphasized during this critical time.