NCCAOM Biomedicine Board Practice Exam

Albuterol is commonly used as a beta agonist for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations due to its specific action on beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs. When albuterol binds to these receptors, it leads to bronchodilation, which helps to relax the muscles around the airways and allows for increased airflow. This action is especially crucial during an acute asthma attack, where airway constriction significantly hampers breathing.

The mechanism of albuterol makes it a first-line rescue medication for asthma; its rapid onset of action helps patients achieve relief from symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness quickly. In addition, albuterol is often administered via nebulizers or inhalers, providing a convenient means for patients to manage their asthma effectively, particularly during emergencies.

Other options listed, such as diphenhydramine and loratadine, are antihistamines primarily used for allergic reactions and have no significant role in treating acute asthma. Guaifenesin is an expectorant that aids in mucus clearance but does not have bronchodilator effects. Therefore, albuterol stands out as the appropriate choice for treating acute asthma exacerbations due to its targeted action and effectiveness in relieving bronchoconstriction.