Which hormone is typically elevated in women undergoing menopause?

During menopause, the body undergoes significant hormonal changes due to the decline in ovarian function and the decreased production of estrogen and progesterone. As the ovaries reduce their output of these hormones, the feedback mechanisms in the hormonal regulation system lead to elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

FSH, in particular, is released from the anterior pituitary gland in response to low estrogen levels. As estrogen production decreases during menopause, FSH levels rise significantly, as there is less feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. High levels of FSH reflect the body's attempt to stimulate the ovaries to produce more estrogen, which, due to the menopausal state, is not feasible.

The elevation of FSH during menopause is a key indicator used in clinical practice to confirm that a woman is transitioning into this phase of life. Thus, the elevated levels of FSH are a hallmark of menopause, signaling the body’s physiological response to declining ovarian hormone production.