Which component of the cell cycle includes G1, S, and G2 phases?

The correct choice is interphase, as this term encompasses the phases of the cell cycle that occur before a cell actually divides. Interphase is a critical period of growth and preparation for mitosis or meiosis, comprising three distinct phases: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2).

During the G1 phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication. The S phase is where DNA replication takes place, resulting in the doubling of the genetic material in preparation for cell division. Finally, the G2 phase involves further growth and the production of proteins required for mitosis, as well as the repair of any DNA damage that might have occurred during the S phase.

Mitosis, meiosis, and prophase are all related to the actual division of the cell, not the preparatory phases. Mitosis is the division of a somatic cell, meiosis is the division that leads to the production of gametes, and prophase is the first stage of mitosis or meiosis during which chromosomes condense and become visible. Therefore, interphase is the only option that accurately describes the phases leading up to cell division.