What significant risk is associated with Barrett's esophagus?

Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the normal squamous cells lining the esophagus are replaced with columnar cells, often as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This cellular change, known as intestinal metaplasia, significantly increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer, specifically adenocarcinoma.

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus undergo regular surveillance to monitor for dysplasia, which is a precancerous change in the cells. If dysplastic changes are found, it can indicate a higher likelihood of progression to esophageal cancer, making it essential for ongoing medical management to catch any malignant transformations early. Because of this established link, esophageal cancer is considered a significant risk associated with Barrett's esophagus, underscoring the importance of monitoring and treatment for individuals diagnosed with this condition.

Other conditions mentioned, such as esophageal varices, gastric cancer, and stomach ulcers, do not have the same direct relationship with Barrett's esophagus in terms of increased cancer risk.