What is the triad associated with DVT?

The triad associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), known as Virchow's triad, includes venous stasis, endothelial trauma, and hypercoagulability. Each of these components contributes to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) in the venous system.

Venous stasis refers to the slowing or pooling of blood in the veins, which can occur due to prolonged immobility, certain medical conditions, or the pressure exerted on the veins during activities such as long-distance travel. This stagnation of blood flow increases the likelihood of clot formation.

Endothelial trauma involves damage to the inner lining of blood vessels. This can result from various factors, including injury, surgical procedures, or chronic conditions affecting the veins. Damage to the endothelium is a critical factor that exposes the underlying tissue and initiates the coagulation cascade, thereby promoting clot formation.

Hypercoagulability denotes an increased tendency of the blood to clot, which can be caused by genetic factors, certain diseases, hormonal influences, or use of medications. When the blood's natural balance between coagulation and anticoagulation is disrupted, the risk of clotting rises significantly.

Understanding these components is crucial in assessing risk factors for DVT and