What is the role of heparin in anticoagulation therapy?

Heparin plays a vital role in anticoagulation therapy by activating antithrombin, a naturally occurring protein that inhibits coagulation factors, particularly thrombin and factor Xa. When heparin binds to antithrombin, it undergoes a conformational change that significantly enhances its ability to inactivate these clotting factors. This mechanism effectively reduces the ability of blood to clot, which is crucial in preventing and treating thromboembolic disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

The role of heparin in preventing the formation of clots is especially valuable in settings where the risk of thrombosis is increased, such as during surgeries or in patients with certain chronic conditions. Its action is immediate, making it a preferred choice in acute management of thrombosis.

While other aspects of coagulation therapy involve different mechanisms, such as inhibiting platelet aggregation or blocking vitamin K, these do not pertain to heparin's primary function. Additionally, heparin does not have a direct effect on lowering blood pressure, as its primary indication in clinical use revolves around its anticoagulant properties.