What is the recommended first-line medication for treating major depressive disorder?

The recommended first-line medication for treating major depressive disorder is SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. SSRIs have gained popularity and clinical endorsement for several reasons. They primarily work by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain, which is often found to be lower in individuals experiencing depression. By inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, SSRIs enhance its availability for neurotransmission, thereby improving mood and alleviating depressive symptoms.

Furthermore, SSRIs are generally well-tolerated and have a favorable side-effect profile compared to older classes of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). This makes SSRIs a more suitable choice for many patients, especially those who may be concerned about the potential for side effects or the need for dietary restrictions associated with MAOIs. The safety of SSRIs—especially in overdose situations—also contributes to their first-line status, as they are less toxic compared to other classes of antidepressants.

In clinical practice, the effectiveness, safety, and ease of use of SSRIs have led to their widespread recommendation as a primary treatment option for major depressive disorder, making them an integral part of current treatment guidelines.