What is the function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

The correct answer is that the corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after an ovarian follicle has released a mature egg during ovulation. Its primary function is to secrete hormones essential for regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining early stages of pregnancy.

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which provides the body with the necessary levels of progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone supports the uterine lining, making it suitable for the implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization occurs, these hormones help to sustain the pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, hormone levels drop, and menstruation begins.

Understanding the role of the corpus luteum highlights its critical involvement in reproductive health and the complex interplay of hormones necessary for conception and maintaining pregnancy.