What is a common side effect of metformin treatment?

Metformin is a medication commonly used in the management of type 2 diabetes. One of the notable and serious side effects associated with metformin treatment is lactic acidosis. This condition occurs when there is an accumulation of lactic acid in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. Metformin can enhance the risk of lactic acidosis, particularly in patients with renal impairments or those who are dehydrated, as the drug is primarily excreted by the kidneys.

The risk of lactic acidosis is one of the reasons why renal function needs to be assessed before starting metformin therapy and periodically during treatment. Symptoms of lactic acidosis can include muscle pain, difficulty breathing, abdominal discomfort, and a significant drop in blood pressure. It is crucial for patients and healthcare providers to be aware of this potential side effect when prescribing and monitoring metformin.

While weight gain, increased appetite, and hypoglycemia are concerns in the management of diabetes, they are not characteristic side effects of metformin like lactic acidosis is. In fact, metformin is often preferred because it typically does not cause weight gain. Understanding these distinctions helps healthcare providers monitor for serious side effects effectively while using metformin as part of diabetes management