What is a common indicator of celiac disease?

The correct answer highlights that a hallmark of celiac disease is the flattening or loss of villi in the small intestine. In individuals with celiac disease, the ingestion of gluten leads to an immune-mediated response that damages the intestinal epithelium. This damage primarily affects the villi, which are tiny, finger-like projections that play a crucial role in nutrient absorption. When the villi are flattened or destroyed, the surface area of the intestine is significantly reduced, resulting in malabsorption of nutrients, which is a key characteristic of the disease.

Understanding this is essential because the villi are critical for the proper absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The consequent malabsorption can lead to a variety of nutritional deficiencies and associated symptoms, such as diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Recognizing the importance of villi integrity underscores the progressive nature of celiac disease if gluten is consumed.

In contrast, options such as increased appetite and healthy weight maintenance may not be indicative of celiac disease, as malabsorption tends to lead to weight loss or failure to thrive. Enhanced nutrient absorption is directly opposite to what occurs with damaged villi in celiac disease, as the flattened villi result in poorer nutrient uptake.