What distinguishes autism from ADHD?

The key distinction between autism and ADHD is often rooted in the age of diagnosis. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can typically be identified in children as early as 18 to 24 months, as early signs such as delayed speech and lack of social engagement are often observable by that age. Children may exhibit behaviors like limited eye contact or an unusual attachment to specific objects, prompting earlier assessments and diagnoses. Conversely, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often recognized later, usually around age 4 to 7, as the symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention may become more pronounced and disruptive in structured environments like classrooms. This timeline is significant because early intervention strategies differ based on the diagnosis, and the age at which these conditions are identified can impact the therapeutic approaches taken.

Other aspects, such as severity of symptoms, types of social interaction, and educational interventions, while relevant in understanding the disorders, do not delineate the two conditions as clearly as the age of diagnosis does. Each condition has its spectrum of severity and may require varying educational approaches based on individual needs, but the timing of diagnosis fundamentally shapes the initial pathways of support and understanding for children with either condition.